Ben Rhodes served as a deputy national security adviser and speechwriter for Barack Obama. He is the author of “After the Fall: Being American in the World We’ve Made.”

The following interview was conducted by FRONTLINE’s Jim Gilmore on May 3, 2021. It has been edited for clarity and length.

This interview is being published as part of FRONTLINE’s Transparency Project, an effort to open up the source material behind our documentaries. Explore the transcript of this interview, and others, on the FRONTLINE website: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview-collection/america-after-9-11/

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